Tien jaar na 9/11
Nu het tien jaar is na 9/11 wil ik op deze plaats ook stilstaan bij de aanslagen in Amerika, die grote gevolgen hadden voor de gebeurtenissen in het afgelopen decennium. Ik wil dat doen door hier een aantal documentaires aan te prijzen, waarvan ik zelf geloof dat die belangrijk/ interessant/veelzeggend zijn.
Allereerst natuurlijk het superieure Channel 4 drieluik The Power of Nightmares:
The Power of Nightmares, subtitled The Rise of the Politics of Fear, is a 3 part BBC documentary film series, written and produced by Adam Curtis.
The films compare the rise of the Neo-Conservative movement in the United States and the radical Islamist movement, making comparisons on their origins and claiming similarities between the two. More controversially, it argues that the threat of radical Islamism as a massive, sinister organized force of destruction, specifically in the form of al-Qaeda, is a myth perpetrated by politicians in many countries—and particularly American Neo-Conservatives—in an attempt to unite and inspire their people following the failure of earlier, more utopian ideologies.
Part 1: Baby It’s Cold Outside:
Zie voor een versie met Nederlandse ondertiteling:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1209880818148218142
The first part of the series explains the origin of Islamism and Neo-Conservatism. It shows Egyptian civil servant Sayyid Qutb, depicted as the founder of modern Islamist thought, visiting the U.S. to learn about the education system, but becoming disgusted with what he saw as a corruption of morals and virtues in western society through individualism. When he returns to Egypt, he is disturbed by westernization under Gamal Abdel Nasser and becomes convinced that in order to save society it must be completely restructured along the lines of Islamic law while still using western technology. He also becomes convinced that this can only be accomplished through the use of an elite “vanguard” to lead a revolution against the established order. Qutb becomes a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood and, after being tortured in one of Nasser’s jails, comes to believe that western-influenced leaders can justly be killed for the sake of removing their corruption. Qutb is executed in 1966, but he influences the future mentor of Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, to start his own secret Islamist group. Inspired by the 1979 Iranian revolution, Zawahiri and his allies assassinate Egyptian president Anwar Al Sadat, in 1981, in hopes of starting their own revolution. The revolution does not materialize, and Zawahiri comes to believe that the majority of Muslims have been corrupted not only by their western-inspired leaders, but Muslims themselves have been affected by jahilliyah and thus both may be legitimate targets of violence if they do not join him. They continued to have the belief that a vanguard was necessary to rise up and overthrow the corrupt regime and replace with a pure Islamist state.
At the same time in the United States, a group of disillusioned liberals, including Irving Kristol and Paul Wolfowitz, look to the political thinking of Leo Strauss after the perceived failure of President Johnson’s “Great Society”. They come to the conclusion that the emphasis on individual liberty was the undoing of the plan. They envisioned restructuring America by uniting the American people against a common evil, and set about creating a mythical enemy. These factions, the Neo-Conservatives, came to power under the Reagan administration, with their allies Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, and work to unite the United States in fear of the Soviet Union. The Neo-Conservatives allege the Soviet Union is not following the terms of disarmament between the two countries, and, with the investigation of “Team B”, they accumulate a case to prove this with dubious evidence and methods. President Reagan is convinced nonetheless.
Part 2: The Phantom Victory:
Zie voor een versie met Nederlandse ondertiteling: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7307000565144006714
In the second episode, Islamist factions, rapidly falling under the more radical influence of Zawahiri and his rich Saudi acolyte Osama bin Laden, join the Neo-Conservative-influenced Reagan Administration to combat the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan. When the Soviets eventually pull out and when the Eastern Bloc begins to collapse in the late 1980s, both groups believe they are the primary architects of the “Evil Empire’s” defeat. Curtis argues that the Soviets were on their last legs anyway, and were doomed to collapse without intervention.
However, the Islamists see it quite differently, and in their triumph believe that they had the power to create ‘pure’ Islamic states in Egypt and Algeria. However, attempts to create perpetual Islamic states are blocked by force. The Islamists then try to create revolutions in Egypt and Algeria by the use of terrorism to scare the people into rising up. However, the people were terrified by the violence and the Algerian government uses their fear as a way to maintain power. In the end, the Islamists declare the entire populations of the countries as inherently contaminated by western values, and finally in Algeria turn on each other, each believing that other terrorist groups are not pure enough Muslims either.
In America, the Neo-Conservatives’ aspirations to use the United States military power for further destruction of evil are thrown off track by the ascent of George H. W. Bush to the presidency, followed by the 1992 election of Bill Clinton leaving them out of power. The Neo-Conservatives, with their conservative Christian allies, attempt to demonize Clinton throughout his presidency with various real and fabricated stories of corruption and immorality. To their disappointment, however, the American people do not turn against Clinton. The Islamist attempts at revolution end in massive bloodshed, leaving the Islamists without popular support. Zawahiri and bin Laden flee to the sufficiently safe Afghanistan and declare a new strategy; to fight Western-inspired moral decay they must deal a blow to its source: the United States.
Zie voor een versie met Nederlandse ondertiteling: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=551664672370888389
The final episode addresses the actual rise of Al-Qaeda. Curtis argues that, after their failed revolutions, bin Laden and Zawahiri had little or no popular support, let alone a serious complex organization of terrorists, and were dependent upon independent operatives to carry out their new call for jihad. The film instead argues that in order to prosecute bin Laden in absentia for the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, US prosecutors had to prove he was the head of a criminal organization responsible for the bombings. They find a former associate of bin Laden, Jamal al-Fadl, and pay him to testify that bin Laden was the head of a massive terrorist organization called “Al-Qaeda”. With the September 11th attacks, Neo-Conservatives in the new Republican government of George W. Bush use this created concept of an organization to justify another crusade against a new evil enemy, leading to the launch of the War on Terrorism.
After the American invasion of Afghanistan fails to uproot the alleged terrorist network, the Neo-Conservatives focus inwards, searching unsuccessfully for terrorist sleeper cells in America. They then extend the war on “terror” to a war against general perceived evils with the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The ideas and tactics also spread to the United Kingdom where Tony Blair uses the threat of terrorism to give him a new moral authority. The repercussions of the Neo-Conservative strategy are also explored with an investigation of indefinitely-detained terrorist suspects in Guantanamo Bay, many allegedly taken on the word of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance without actual investigation on the part of the United States military, and other forms of “preemption” against non-existent and unlikely threats made simply on the grounds that the parties involved could later become a threat. Curtis also makes a specific attempt to allay fears of a dirty bomb attack, and concludes by reassuring viewers that politicians will eventually have to concede that some threats are exaggerated and others altogether devoid of reality. “In an age when all the grand ideas have lost credibility, fear of a phantom enemy is all the politicians have left to maintain their power.”
Said Qutb (rechts), de ‘geestelijk vader’ van de moderne radicale islamistische beweging en belangrijke inspiratiebron voor Bin Laden en Ayman al Zawahiri, in Amerika (Colorado), jaren veertig
Ayman al-Zawahiri, begin jaren zeventig
De Bin Laden familie in Stockholm in 1971. Tweede van rechts: de veertienjarige Osama.
foto van een Amerikaanse soldaat in Afghanistan (bron: http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/8056/Foto/photoalbum/detail/1087714/803005/87/De-oorlog-in-Afghanistan-deel-3.dhtml )
Ander materiaal dat om verschillende redenen de moeite van het bekijken waard is (van de meest overtrokken complottheorieën, tot buitengewoon zinnige bijdragen):
Loose Change: (de bekendste complotfilm over 9/11)
Zembla: Het Complot van 11 september (een zinnige weerlegging van vooral Loose Change)
9/11 Press for Truth (een hele zinvolle documentaire, vooral een verslag van een groepje nabestaanden van 9/11 die kritische vragen zijn gaan stellen)
Tegenlicht: De Ijzeren Driehoek (over de belangenverstrengeling van de internationale wapenhandel en de politiek en wie er van de War on Terror profiteert. Vooral gericht op de duistere Carlylegroup. Zeer degelijk)
Tegenlicht: De Berg (over wat de drijfveren van de moslimfundamentalisten zijn. Met oa Karen Armstrong, Benjamin Barber, Manuel Castells, Khozh-Ahmed Noukhaev en Mansour Jachimczyk)
Tegenlicht: De Impact; over de betekenis van 9/11 (met Lawrence Wilkerson, Paul Bremer III en Francis Fukuyama over de betekenis van 9/11, tien jaar later)
Fahrenheit 911 (de grote klassieker van Michael Moore. Bijna alle bovenstaande thema’s komen aan bod, zij het dat het minder degelijk en vooral op een polemische- en soms heel geestige- manier wordt gebracht)
Jason Burke: The 9/11 Wars Een buitengewoon interessante korte voordracht van onderzoeksjournalist Jason Burke (‘The Observer’), over tien jaar 9/11 (Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce). Burke heeft meermaals betoogd dat al-Qaeda eerder een constructie, een mythe, is, dan een daadwerkelijk bestaande organisatie of netwerk.
Ook de Nederlandse publieke omroep stond stil bij tien jaar na 9/11. Bekijk hier de serie 9.11 de dag die de wereld veranderde
Belangrijke primaire bronnen:
The Project for a New American Century Belangrijkste site van de Neo-conservatieven
Sayyid Qutb, Milestones/Ma’alim fi’l-tareeq/معالم في الطريق Sayyid Qutbs belangrijkste geschrift uit 1965 online (Engels). Milestones is een van de belangrijkste manifesten van de milante islamistische beweging en inspiratiebron voor bijv. Bin Laden
Over de (in)directe uitvloeisels van 9/11 en ‘The War on Terror’:
The Road to Guantanamo (een onthutsende documentaire over het lot van drie Britse Moslims die onschuldig vastzaten op Guantanamo Bay
Big Storm; the Lynndie England Story Huiveringwekkende documentaire van Twan Huys (2005) over de daders achter het Abu Ghraib schandaal (Engelstalige versie)
No End in Sight (over het rampzalige beleid van Amerika, na de invasie van Irak)
En last but not least de geweldige serie ‘De Vloek van Osama’, over tien jaar 9/11, van de Belgische journalist Rudi Vranckx (VRT):
Enkele literatuursuggesties (verre van volledig):
- Karen Armstrong, The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, 2000 (in het Nederlands: De Strijd om God. Een geschiedenis van het fundamentalisme, De Bezige Bij, Amsterdam, 2005)
- Benjamin Barber (die recent nogal in opspraak is geraakt, omdat hij zich zou hebben laten betalen door Qadhafi en zitting had in de denktank van Saif Qadhafi, ‘The Monitor Group’, zie hier– dit doet mijns inziens echter niets af aan de waarde van dit werk, FS), Jihad versus Mc World; Terrorism’s Challenge to Democracy, Balantine books, New York, 2001 (oorspr. 1995)
- Jason Burke, Al-Qaeda: The True Story of Radical Islam, IB Tauris, Londen, 2003
- Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation; The Conquest of the Middle East, Londen, 2005 (in het Nederlands: De grote beschavingsoorlog ; de Verovering van het Midden-Oosten, Ambo, 2005)
- Seymour M. Hersh, Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib, Haper Collins, New York, 2004 (Nederlands: Bevel van hogerhand; de weg van 11 september tot het Abu Ghraib-Schandaal, De Bezige Bij, Amsterdam, 2004)
- Gilles Kepel, The roots of radical Islam, Saqi Books, London, 2005
- Craig Unger, House of Bush House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties. Gibson Square Books, New York, 2004 (Nederlands: De Familie Bush en het Huis van Saud; de verborgen betrekkingen tussen de twee machtigste dynastieën ter wereld, Mets & Schilt, Amsterdam, 2004)
Update april 2012: The 9/11 Decade – The Clash of Civilizations? (documentaire Al Jazeera) Grote aanrader
Modern and contemporary art of the Middle East and North Africa
الفن المعاصر في العالم العربي وإيران
Since the recent developments in Tunisia and Egypt and probably to follow in other Arab countries, even the mainstream media have noticed that in the Arab world and Iran there is a desire for freedom and democracy. While in the Western World often reduced to essentialist clichés of the traditional Arab or the Muslim extremists the recent events show the opposite. The orientalist paradigm, as Edward Said has defined in 1978, or even the ‘neo-orientalist’ version (according to Salah Hassan), virulent since 9 / 11, are denounced by the images of Arab satellite channels like Al Jazeera. It proofs that there are definitely progressive and freedom-loving forces in the Middle East, as nowadays becomes visible for the whole world.
Wafaa Bilal (Iraq, US), from his project ‘Domestic Tension’, 2007 (see for more http://wafaabilal.com/html/domesticTension.html )
Since the last few years there is an increasing interest in contemporary art from that region. Artists such as Mona Hatoum (Palestine), Shirin Neshat (Iran) and the architect Zaha Hadid (Iraq) were already visible in the international art circuit. Since the last five to ten years there are a number of names added, like Ghada Amer (Egypt), Akram Zaatari and Walid Ra’ad (Lebanon), Fareed Armaly and Emily Jacir (Palestine), Mounir Fatmi (Morocco), Farhad Mosheri ( Iran), Ahmed Mater (Saudi Arabia), Mohammed al- Shammerey and Wafaa Bilal (Iraq). Most of these artists are working and living in the Western World.
Walid Ra’ad/The Atlas Group (Lebanon), see http://www.theatlasgroup.org/index.html, at Documenta 11, Kassel, 2002
Mounir Fatmi (Morocco), The Connections, installation, 2003 – 2009, see http://www.mounirfatmi.com/2installation/connexions01.html
Yet the phenomenon of modern and contemporary art in the Middle East isn’t something of last decades. From the end of World War I, when most Arab countries arose in its present form, artists in several countries have sought manners to create their own form of international modernism. Important pioneers were Mahmud Mukhtar (since the twenties and thirties in Egypt), Jewad Selim (forties and fifties in Iraq), or Muhammad Melehi and Farid Belkahia (from the sixties in Morocco). These artists were the first who, having been trained mostly in the West, introduced modernist styles in their homeland. Since that time, artists in several Arab countries draw inspiration from both international modernism, and from traditions of their own cultural heritage.
Shakir Hassan al-Said (Iraq), Objective Contemplations, oil on board, 1984, see http://universes-in-universe.org/eng/nafas/articles/2008/shakir_hassan_al_said/photos/08
Ali Omar Ermes (Lybia/UK), Fa, Ink and acryl on paper
The latter was not something noncommittal. In the decolonization process, the artists often explicitly took a stand against western colonialism. Increasing local traditions here was used often as a strategy. From the late sixties also other factors play a role. “Pan-Arabism” or even the search for a “Pan-Islamic identity” had an impact on the arts. This is obvious in what the French Moroccan art historian Brahim Alaoui called ‘l’ Ecole de Signe’, the ‘school of sign’. Abstract calligraphy and decorative traditions of Islamic art, were in many variations combined with contemporary abstract art. The main representatives of this unique tendency of modern Islamic art were Shakir Hassan al-Said (Iraq, deceased in 2004), and the still very active artists as Rachid Koraichi (Algeria, lives and works in France), Ali Omar Ermes (Libya, lives and works in England) and Wijdan Ali (Jordan). This direction found even a three dimensional variant, in the sculptures of the Iranian artist Parviz Tanavoli.
Laila Shawa (Palestine), Gun for Palestine (from ‘The Walls of Gaza’), silkscreen on canvas, 1995
What is particularly problematic for the development of contemporary art of the Middle East are the major crises of recent decades. The dictatorial regimes, the many wars, or, in the case of Palestine, the Israeli occupation, have often been a significant obstacle for the devolopment of the arts. If the arts were encouraged, it was often for propaganda purposes, with Iraq being the most extreme example (the many portraits and statues of Saddam Hussein speak for themselves). Many artists saw themselves thus forced to divert in the Diaspora (especially Palestinian and Iraqi artists). In the Netherlands there are well over the one hundred artists from the Middle East, of which the majority exists of refugees from Iraq (about eighty). Yet most of these artists are not known to the vast majority of the Dutch cultural institutions and the general public.
Mohamed Abla (Egypt), Looking for a Leader, acrylic on canvas, 2006
In the present context of on the one hand the increased aversion to the Islamic world in many European countries, which often manifests itself into populist political parties, or conspiracy theories about ‘Eurabia’ and, on the other hand, the very recent boom in the Arab world itself, it would be a great opportunity to make this art more visible to the rest of the world. The Middle East is in many respects a region with a lot of problems, but much is also considerably changing. The young people in Tunisia and Egypt and other Arab countries, who challenged their outdated dictatorships with blogs, facebook and twitter, have convincingly demonstrated this. Let us have a look at the arts. There is much to discover.
Floris Schreve
Amsterdam, March, 2011
originally published in ‘Kunstbeeld’, nr. 4, 2011 (see here the original Dutch version). Also published on Global Arab Network and on Local/Global Art, my new blog on international art
Ahmed Mater (Saudi Arabia), Evolution of Man, Cairo Biennale, 2008. NB at the moment Mater is exhibiting in Amsterdam, at Willem Baars Project, Hoogte Kadijk 17, till the 30th of july. See http://www.baarsprojects.com/
Handout lecture ‘Modern and Contemporary art of the Arab World’
محاضرة الفن الحديث والمعاصر في العالم العربي
Diversity & Art, Amsterdam, 17-5-2011, at the occasion of the exhibition of the Dutch Iraqi artist Qassim Alsaedy
Click on the pictures to enlarge
Short introduction on the history and geography of the modern Arab World
- The Ottoman Empire
- The Sykes/Picot agreement
- The formation of the national states
- The Israeli/Palestinian conflict
Ottoman Empire 1739 Ottoman Empire 1914 The Sykes/Picot agreement
The modern Middle East The modern Arab World
Palestinian loss of land 1948-2000 The current situation (2005)
The early modernist pioneers:
- Mahmud Mukhtar (Egypt)
- Jewad Selim (Iraq)
- Faeq Hassan (Iraq)
- Farid Belkahia (Morocco)
The ‘School of Sign’ (acc. Brahim Alaoui, curator of the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris):
- Shakir Hassan al-Said (Iraq)
- Ali Omar Ermes (Libya)
- Rachid Koraichi (Algeria)
Shakir Hassan al-Said Ali Omar Ermes Rachid Koraichi
Other examples of ‘Arab Modernism’:
- Mohamed Kacimi (Morocco)
- Dhia Azzawi (Iraq)
- Rafik el-Kamel (Tunesia)
Mohamed Kacimi Dhia Azzawi Rafik el-Kamel
The Palestinian Diaspora:
Mona Hatoum Laila Shawa Emily Jacir
Recently emerged ‘international art’:
- Walid Ra’ad/The Atlas Group (Lebanon)
- Mounir Fatmi(Morocco)
- Ahmed Mater (Saudi Arabia)
Walid Ra’ad/The Atlas Group Mounir Fatmi Ahmed Mater
Art and propaganda:
- Iraq (monuments, Victory Arch, Babylon, portraits of Saddam Husayn and Michel Aflaq, the founder of the Ba’thparty)
- Syria (portrait Havez al-Assad)
- Libya (portrait Muammar al-Qadhafi)
Victory Arch ‘Saddam as Saladin’
Statue of Michel Aflaq Statue of Havez al-Assad Muammar al-Qadhafi
The art of the ‘Arab Spring’ in Egypt:
Iraqi artists in the Diaspora:
- Rafa al-Nasiri (Jordan)
- Hanaa Mal Allah (Iraq/UK)
- Ali Assaf (Italy)
- Wafaa Bilal (US)
- Halim al-Karim (Netherlands/US)
- Nedim Kufi (Netherlands)
- Hoshyar Rasheed (Netherlands)
- Aras Kareem (Netherlands)
- Ziad Haider (Netherlands)
- Qassim Alsaedy (Netherlands)
Rafa al-Nasiri Hanaa Mal Allah Ali Assaf
Wafaa Bilal Halim al-Karim Nedim Kufi
Hoshyar Rasheed Aras Kareem Ziad Haider
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Qassim Alsaedy, Shortly after the War, mixed media (installation) Diversity&Art, May 2011 (see here an interview with Qassim Alsaedy at the opening-in Arabic)
Selected Bibliography
• Brahim Alaoui, Art Contemporain Arabe, Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, 1996
• Brahim Alaoui, Mohamed Métalsi, Quatre Peintres Arabe Première ; Azzaoui, El Kamel, Kacimi, Marwan, Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, 1988.
• Brahim Alaoui, Maria Lluïsa Borràs, Schilders uit de Maghreb (‘Painters of the Maghreb’), Centrum voor Beeldende Kunst, Gent (Belgium), 1994
• Brahim Alaoui, Laila Al Wahidi, Artistes Palestiniens Contemporains, Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, 1997
• Wijdan Ali, Contemporary Art from the Islamic World, Al Saqi Books, London, 1989.
• Wijdan Ali, Modern Islamic Art; Development and continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997
• Hossein Amirsadeghi , Salwa Mikdadi, Nada Shabout, ao, New Vision; Arab Contemporary Art in the 21st Century, Thames and Hudson, London, 2009.
• Michael Archer, Guy Brett, Catherine de Zegher, Mona Hatoum, Phaidon Press, New York, 1997
• Ali Assaf, Mary Angela Shroth, Acqua Ferita/Wounded Water; Six Iraqi artists interpret the theme of water, Gangemi editore, Venice Biennale, 2011 (artists: Adel Abidin, Ahmed Alsoudani, Ali Assaf, Azad Nanakeli, Halim al-Karim, Walid Siti)
• Mouna Atassi, Contemporary Art in Syria, Damascus, 1998
• Wafaa Bilal (with Kari Lydersen), Shoot an Iraqi; Art, Life and Resistance Under the Gun, City Lights, New York, 2008
• Catherine David (ed),Tamass 2: Contemporary Arab Representations: Cairo, Witte De With Center For Contemporary Art, Rotterdam, 2005
• Saeb Eigner, Art of the Middle East; modern and contemporary art of the Arab World and Iran, Merrell, Londen/New York, 2010 (with an introduction of Zaha Hadid).
• Aida Eltori, Illuminations; Thirty days of running in the Space: Ahmed Basiony (1978-2011) , Venice Biennale, 2011
• Maysaloun Faraj (ed.), Strokes of genius; contemporary Iraqi art, Saqi Books, London, 2002 (see here the presentation of the Strokes of Genius exhibition)
• Mounir Fatmi, Fuck the architect, published on the occasion of the Brussels Biennal, 2008
• Liliane Karnouk, Modern Egyptian Art; the emergence of a National Style, American University of Cairo Press, 1988, Cairo
• Samir Al Khalil (pseudonym of Kanan Makiya), The Monument; art, vulgarity and responsibillity in Iraq, Andre Deutsch, London, 1991
• Robert Kluijver, Borders; contemporary Middle Eastern art and discourse, Gemak, The Hague, October 2007/ January 2009
• Mohamed Metalsi, Croisement de Signe, Institut du Monde Arabe, Parijs, 1989 (on ao Shakir Hassan al-Said)
• Revue Noire; African Contemporary Art/Art Contemporain Africain: Morocco/Maroc, nr. 33-34, 2ème semestre, 1999, Paris.
• Ahmed Fouad Selim, 7th International Biennial of Cairo, Cairo, 1998.
• Ahmed Fouad Selim, 8th International Biennial of Cairo, Cairo, 2001.
• M. Sijelmassi, l’Art Contemporain au Maroc, ACR Edition, Paris, 1889.
• Walid Sadek, Tony Chakar, Bilal Khbeiz, Tamass 1; Beirut/Lebanon, Witte De With Center For Contemporary Art, Rotterdam, 2002
• Paul Sloman (ed.), with contributions of Wijdan Ali, Nat Muller, Lindsey Moore ao, Contemporary Art in the Middle East, Black Dog Publishing, London, 2009
• Stephen Stapleton (ed.), with contributions of Venetia Porter, Ashraf Fayadh, Aarnout Helb, ao, Ahmed Mater, Booth-Clibborn Productions, Abha/London 2010 (see also www.ahmedmater.com)
• Rayya El Zein & Alex Ortiz, Signs of the Times: the Popular Literature of Tahrir; Protest Signs, Graffiti, and Street Art, New York, 2011 (see http://arteeast.org/pages/literature/641/)
Links to relevant websites of institutions, manifestations, magazines, museums and galleries for Contemporary Art of the Middle East and North Africa:
- al-Jadeed a review and record of Arab Art and Culture
- Artists of the Middle East online exhibition of the British Museum
- Arts, Culture and Place (ISIM Review nr. 22)
- Association for Modern and Contemporary Art of the Arab World, Iran, and Turkey (AMCA)
- Aya Art Gallery gallery/platform for contemporary art of Iraq (and other countries of the region) of Maysaloun Faraj and Ali Mousawi in London
- Ben Davis, The Iraqi Century of Art
- Bidoun magazine for art and culture of the Middle East
- Biennale of Cairo
- Contemporary Arab Art-Irak (Ara Gallery)- a small but fine selction of some of the most interesting Iraqi artists in the world (Dubai)
- Contemporary Arab Representations
- Dafatir (Iraqi notebook-project of Nada Shabout with several Iraqi artists spread over the world)
- Darat al-Funun The Khalid Shoman Foundation-Museum for modern and contemporary art in Amman (Jordan)
- EUMAN European Union Migrant Artists Network (Helsinki)- many Iraqi artists
- Greenbox Museum for Contemporary Art of Saudi Arabia, Amsterdam
- Institut du Monde Arabe (IMA) The famous Istitut du Monde Arabe in Paris has a large department for modern art
- International Network for Contemporary Iraqi Artists (INCIA)
- Iraqi Art.com
- Iraqi artists (Unverse in Universe) several articles on 27 Iraqi artists worldwide
- Iraqi Artists Association
- Iraqi Fine Artists Association
- Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre a platform for contemporary art in Ramallah, Palestine
- Mashrabia Art Gallery A gallery and platform for contemporary art in Cairo
- Mathaf Arab Museum of Modern Art (Doha, Qatar)
- Nada Shabout, Shakir Hassan al-Said; a journey towards the One Dimension (Nafas)
- ‘Revolution in the Arab art scene?’ Deutsche Welle on the 10th Sjarjah Biennale
- Nafas Art Magazine Contemporary art from Islamic influenced countries and regions
- Wijdan Ali, Modern Art from the Arab World
- Word into Art (British Museum) Many leading artists from the Arab World and Iran
- Will the Arab Spring Bloom at the Venice Biennale?: A Preview of Four Politically Charged Displays; on the artists of Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt, presented at the Venice Biennale
An Impression of the lecture, 17-5-2011, Diversity & Art, Amsterdam
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On the screen a work of the Iraqi artist Rafa al-Nasiri
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Three times Qassim Alsaedy’s Shortly after the War
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![226447_227759537241534_100000224696132_1090824_2881093_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/226447_227759537241534_100000224696132_1090824_2881093_n1.jpg)
In front: The Iraqi/Kurdish journalist Goran Baba Ali and Herman Divendal, director of the Human Rights Organisation for Artists AIDA (Association Internationale des Défence des Artistes)
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![230902_227751083909046_100000224696132_1090753_6697931_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/230902_227751083909046_100000224696132_1090753_6697931_n1.jpg)
Me (left) with the Embassador of Iraq in the Netherlands, H.E. Dr. Saad Al-Ali, and Qassim Alsaedy
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Floris Schreve
فلوريس سحرافا
(أمستردام، هولندا)
photos during the lecture by Hesam Hama
Lezing ‘Moderne en hedendaagse kunst van de Arabische wereld’, 17 mei 2011
محاضرة الفن الحديث والمعاصر في العالم العربي
De Handout van mijn lezing van 17-5-2011, gehouden ter gelegenheid van de tentoonstelling van Qassim Alsaedy in Diversity & Art, met toevoeging van een selectie van de afbeeldingen, die ik in mijn lezing heb besproken (klik op afbeelding voor vergrote weergave). Verder heb ik bij de namen van de meeste individuele kunstenaars een link geplaatst naar hun persoonlijke website, of naar een achtergrondartikel dat voor die kunstenaar relevant is. Voor een introductie en een literatuuroverzicht verwijs ik naar mijn bijdrage in Kunstbeeld, ook op dit blog gepubliceerd
Lezing moderne en hedendaagse kunst uit de Arabische wereld
Diversity & Art, 17-5-2011
Korte inleiding geschiedenis en geografie van de moderne Arabische wereld
- · Het Osmaanse Rijk
- · Het Sykes/Picot accoord
- · De vorming van de nationale staten
- · Het Israëlisch/Palestijnse conflict
Vroege modernisten:
- · Mahmud Mukhtar (Egypte)
- · Jewad Selim (Irak)
- · Faeq Hassan (Irak)
- · Farid Belkahia (Marokko)
De ‘School van het teken’ (naar Brahim Alaoui):
- · Shakir Hassan al-Said (Irak)
- · Ali Omar Ermes (Libië)
- · Rachid Koraichi (Algerije)
Andere voorbeelden van ‘Arabisch modernisme’:
- · Mohamed Kacimi (Marokko)
- · Dhia Azzawi (Irak)
- · Rafik el-Kamel (Tunesië)
Kunst van de Palestijnse Diaspora:
Recent opgekomen ‘internationale kunst’:
- · Walid Ra’ad/The Atlas Group (Libanon)
- · Mounir Fatmi (Marokko)
- . Ahmed Mater (Saudi Arabië)
Kunst en propaganda:
- · Irak (monumenten, Victory Arch, Babylon, portretten van Saddam Husayn en Michel Aflaq)
- · Syrië (portret Havez al-Assad)
- · Libië (portret Muammar al-Qadhafi)
‘Kunst van de Arabische lente’ in Egypte:
Iraakse kunstenaars in de Diaspora:
- · Rafa al-Nasiri (Jordanië)
- . Hanaa Mal Allah (Irak/Engeland)
- · Ali Assaf (Italië)
- · Wafaa Bilal (VS)
- · Halim al-Karim (Nederland/VS)
- · Nedim Kufi (Nederland)
- · Hoshyar Rasheed (Nederland)
- · Aras Kareem (Nederland)
- · Ziad Haider (Nederland)
- · Qassim Alsaedy (Nederland)
Floris Schreve
17-5-2011
Enkele impressies van de lezing:
![225904_226418040709017_100000224696132_1077819_258475_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/225904_226418040709017_100000224696132_1077819_258475_n1.jpg)
Ikzelf pratend achter mijn laptop (powerpointpresentatie). Achter mij het werk van Qassim Alsaedy ‘Shortly after the War’. Zittend achter mij de Iraaks Koerdische journalist Goran Baba Ali
![230902_227751073909047_100000224696132_1090750_7532071_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/230902_227751073909047_100000224696132_1090750_7532071_n1.jpg)
Tweede rij links ZE Dr. Saad Al-Ali, Ambassadeur van de Republiek Irak in Nederland. Naast hem Qassim Alsaedy.
![225904_226418044042350_100000224696132_1077820_644736_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/225904_226418044042350_100000224696132_1077820_644736_n11.jpg)
![225904_226418047375683_100000224696132_1077821_1237958_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/225904_226418047375683_100000224696132_1077821_1237958_n1.jpg)
![225904_226418050709016_100000224696132_1077822_1757261_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/225904_226418050709016_100000224696132_1077822_1757261_n11.jpg)
Een dia van de kaart van het delingsplan van het Midden Oosten door Engeland en Frankrijk, eind WO I
![230902_227751070575714_100000224696132_1090749_8321007_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/230902_227751070575714_100000224696132_1090749_8321007_n1.jpg)
Qassim en ikzelf, voorafgaand aan de de lezing
Op het scherm een werk van de Iraakse kunstenaar Rafa al-Nasiri
![250411_227750573909097_100000224696132_1090741_6294750_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/250411_227750573909097_100000224696132_1090741_6294750_n1.jpg)
drie keer Qassims installatie Shortly after the War (de slotdia)
![225904_226418054042349_100000224696132_1077823_1846445_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/225904_226418054042349_100000224696132_1077823_1846445_n1.jpg)
Na afloop met de Iraakse ambassadeur, nog een diplomaat van de ambassade en Qassim Alsaedy
![230902_227751077242380_100000224696132_1090751_8193033_n[1]](https://fhs1973.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/230902_227751077242380_100000224696132_1090751_8193033_n1.jpg)
Qassim Alsaedy met de ambassadeur en twee andere diplomaten
Goran Baba Ali met Herman Divendal (AIDA)
Rechtsvoor (achter Goran Baba Ali): Brigitte Reuter (die samen met Qassim het keramische werk maakte) en Peggie Breitbarth, die eerder de tentoonstelling van Persheng Warzandegan opende
(أمستردام، هولندا)
Foto’s bij de lezing: Hesam Hama en Frank Schreve
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